Cover
Vol. 15 No. 2 (2024)

Published: November 15, 2024

Pages: 112-120

Research Paper

A Study of IoT-Based Monitoring and Controlling Systems for Diesel Electrical Generators

Abstract

Diesel electrical generators are essential for providing reliable backup power during grid outages, ensuring the continuous operation of critical services such as hospitals, industries, and communication systems. These generators require instantaneous monitoring and control to optimize their performance and longevity. The Internet of Things facilitates efficient monitoring and enables remote control with a faster response time than human intervention, thereby helping to prevent potential damage or system failures. This research introduced the Internet of Things technology and its general architecture. The study first presented an abstract framework of IoT-based monitoring and controlling technology, divided into three layers: perception, network, and application. It then discussed the terminology related to electrical generators, the parameters monitored, and their operational environments. In addition, the advantages and challenges associated with integrating it with electrical generators were discussed. Finally, the research reviewed and analyzed several practical applications and case studies integrating IoT with diesel electrical generators, highlighting key challenges and proposing solutions. This work provided theoretical and practical insights into IoT-based monitoring and control systems for electrical generators.

References

  1. M. Q. Taha, "Advantages and recent advances of smart energy grid," Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, vol. 9, no. 5, pp. 1739-1746, 2020, doi:10.11591/eei.v9i5.2358
  2. Kroposki, B., Pink, C., DeBlasio, R., Thomas, H., Simoes, M., & Sen, P. K., "Benefits of power electronic interfaces for distributed energy systems," IEEE transactions on energy conversion, vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 901-908, 2020, doi: 10.1109/TEC.2010.2053975
  3. Sattar, K. A., & Al-Omary, A. “A survey: security issues in IoT environment and IoT architecture” In 3rd Smart Cities Symposium SCS 2020, Vol. 2020, pp. 96-102) (2020, September), doi: 10.1049/icp.2021.0894
  4. Washizaki, H., Ogata, S., Hazeyama, A., Okubo, T., Fernandez, E. B., & Yoshioka, "Landscape of architecture and design patterns for iot systems.," IEEE Internet of Things Journal, vol. 7, no. 10, pp. 10091-10101, 2020, doi:10.1109/JIOT.2020.3003528
  5. K. Mahmoud, "Comprehensive Study of Attacks and Cryptographic Measures for Internet of Things Devices.," The Journal of Scientific and Engineering Research, vol. 8, pp. 174-188, 2021.
  6. Mahdi, M. J., Aljuboori, A. F., & Hussein, A. M., "Smart stadium using cloud computing and Internet of Things (IoT): Existing and new models," International Journal of Computer Applications Technology and Research, vol. 10, no. 5, pp. 111-118, 2021.
  7. Kaur, H., & Kumar, R., "A survey on Internet of Things (IoT): Layer-specific, domain-specific and industry-defined architectures," in Proceedings of CICT 2019, 2021.
  8. V. V. S. I. M. a. D. A. S. Koltsov, "Voltage sensor for electrical switchgear and electrical switchgear comprising same". U.S. Patent Application Patent 17/770,210, 8 December 2022.
  9. I. Boldea, "Electric generators and motors: An overview," CES Transactions on Electrical Machines and Systems, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 3-14, 2017.
  10. Saravanan, V., Ramachandran, M., & Selvam, M., "Interaction between technical and economic benefits in distributed generation," Electrical and Automation Engineering, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 83-91., 2022.
  11. Lombardi, M., Pascale, F., & Santaniello, D., "Internet of things: A general overview between architectures, protocols and applications.," Information, vol. 12, no. 2, p. 87, 2021.
  12. Portalo, J. M., González, I., & Calderón, A. J., "Monitoring system for tracking a PV generator in an experimental smart microgrid: An open-source solution," Sustainability, vol. 13, no. 15, p. 8182, 2021.
  13. Cui, J., Liu, H., Li, X., Jiang, S., Zhang, B., Song, Y., & Zhang, W., "Fabrication and characterization of nickel thin film as resistance temperature detector," Vacuum, vol. 176, p. 109288, 2020.
  14. I. Analog Devices, "ADXL345 Datasheet," 2010. [Online]. Available: https://www.alldatasheet.com/datasheet-pdf/pdf/254714/AD/ADXL345.html. [Accessed 20 5 2024].
  15. Paniagua, C., & Delsing, J., "Industrial frameworks for internet of things: A survey.," IEEE Systems Journal, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 1149-1159, 2020.
  16. Kuo, Y. W., Li, C. L., Jhang, J. H., & Lin, S., "Design of a wireless sensor network-based IoT platform for wide area and heterogeneous applications," IEEE Sensors Journal, vol. 18, no. 12, pp. 5187-5197, 2018.
  17. Fyodorova, V., Kornilovich, D., Kirichenko, V., Glazyrin, G., Sidorova, A., & Litvinova, A., "Synchronization digital device development for generators automatic connection to the network by various methods," in Smart Energy Conference (USSEC) (pp. 89-93), Siberian , 2021, November.
  18. Liu, L., Guo, X., & Lee, C., "Promoting smart cities into the 5G era with multi-field Internet of Things (IoT) applications powered with advanced mechanical energy harvesters," Nano Energy, vol. 88, p. 106304, 2021.
  19. Shafique, K., Khawaja, B. A., Sabir, F., Qazi, S., & Mustaqim, M., "Internet of things (IoT) for next-generation smart systems: A review of current challenges, future trends and prospects for emerging 5G-IoT scenarios," Ieee Access, vol. 8, pp. 23022-23040, 2020.
  20. Mukhopadhyay, S. C., Tyagi, S. K. S., Suryadevara, N. K., Piuri, V., Scotti, F., & Zeadally, S., "Artificial intelligence-based sensors for next generation IoT applications: A review," IEEE Sensors Journal, vol. 21, no. 22, pp. 24920-24932, 2021.
  21. Khan, W. Z., Rehman, M. H., Zangoti, H. M., Afzal, M. K., Armi, N., & Salah, K., "Industrial internet of things: Recent advances, enabling technologies and open challenges," Computers & electrical engineering, vol. 81, p. 106522, 2020.
  22. Mansour, D. E. A., Numair, M., Zalhaf, A. S., Ramadan, R., Darwish, M. M., Huang, Q., Abdel‐Rahim, O., " Applications of IoT and digital twin in electrical power systems: A comprehensive survey.," IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution, vol. 17, no. 20, pp. 4457-4479, 2023.
  23. Hossein Motlagh, N., Mohammadrezaei, M., Hunt, J., & Zakeri, B., "Internet of Things (IoT) and the energy sector," Energies, vol. 13, no. 2, p. 494, 2020.
  24. "LM135 data sheet," Texas Instruments, [Online]. Available: http://www.ti.com/product/LM135. [Accessed 20 5 2024].
  25. Nangia, S., Makkar, S., & Hassan, R., "IoT based predictive maintenance in manufacturing sector," in Proceedings of the International Conference on Innovative Computing & Communications (ICICC), 2020, March.
  26. Rathor, S. K., & Saxena, D., "Energy management system for smart grid: An overview and key issues," International Journal of Energy Research, vol. 44, no. 6, pp. 4067-4109, 2020.
  27. Nižetić, S., Šolić, P., Gonzalez-De, D. L. D. I., & Patrono, L., "Internet of Things (IoT): Opportunities, issues and challenges towards a smart and sustainable future," Journal of cleaner production, vol. 274, p. 122877, 2020.
  28. Akintade, O., Yesufu, T., & Kehinde, L. J. I. J. I. T., "Development of an MQTT-based IoT architecture for energy-efficient and low-cost applications," International Journal of Internet of Things, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 27-35, 2019.
  29. Karie, N. M., Sahri, N. M., Yang, W., Valli, C., & Kebande, V. R., "A review of security standards and frameworks for IoT-based smart environments," IEEE Access, vol. 9, pp. 121975-121995, 2021.
  30. Islam, M. M., Nooruddin, S., Karray, F., & Muhammad, G., "Internet of things: Device capabilities, architectures, protocols, and smart applications in healthcare domain," IEEE Internet of Things Journal, vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 3611-3641, 2022.
  31. Salek, M. S., Khan, S. M., Rahman, M., Deng, H. W., Islam, M., Khan, Z., & Shue, M., "A review on cybersecurity of cloud computing for supporting connected vehicle applications," IEEE Internet of Things Journal, vol. 9, no. 11, pp. 8250-8268, 2022.
  32. Yaseen, M., Swathi, D., & Kumar, T. A., "IoT based condition monitoring of generators and predictive maintenance," in 2nd international conference on communication and electronics systems (ICCES), 2017 October.
  33. Chandra, A. A., Jannif, N. I., Prakash, S., & Padiachy, V., "Cloud based real-time monitoring and control of diesel generator using the IoT technology," in 20th International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS), 2017, August.
  34. Lim, H. S., Ryu, I. H., & Bang, J. H., "Smart Emergency Generator Monitoring System through IoT using IEC 61850. .," Indian Journal of Science and Technology, vol. 9, no. 44, pp. 1-6, 2016.
  35. S. S. Kulkarni, "IoT-Based Automatic Generator Control System for Industry," International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), vol. 11, no. 8, pp. 923-926, 2022.