The problem of the spread of landmines and their remnants of war in Iraq in general and in the province of AL-Basrah is one of the existing issues that did not find successful solutions and steps to eliminate them and minimize the adverse effects and damage caused by them on the human and material property. This research aims to identify the areas of contamination by landmines and war debris to reach a clear vision that facilitates the development of solutions by the competent authorities through the preparation of a geographic database and a spatial database. All data and maps are collected, digitize them, conduct a range of statistical and spatial analyzes possible, and produce thematic maps
Reverse osmosis (RO) is a membrane filtering system that uses a semipermeable membrane to remove contaminants from water before sending the purified water on to be used in a number of settings, such as households and factories. The goal of this study is to investigate the process of reverse osmosis as well as the current status of the membrane materials that are used in the process. These membrane materials are the driving elements in the process. This review also includes a discussion on the cleaning of membranes, the utilization of RO systems for a number of applications, and new advancements in the field of reverse osmosis. In the process of cleaning water, reverse osmosis, also known as RO, is a potent technique that makes use of a semi-permeable membrane to remove hazardous bacteria as well as dissolved particles. This technique is utilized on a regular basis for the purpose of desalinating seawater for use in drinking, agricultural, and industrial applications.