Better understanding the innovative process of renewable energy technologies is important for tackling climate change. Concentrated solar power (CSP) is a method of electric generation fueled by the heat of the sun, an endless source of clean, free energy. Commercially viable and quickly expanding, this type of solar technology requires strong, direct solar radiation and is primarily used as a large, centralized source of power for utilities. This study has focused on the feasibility of improving concentrating solar power (CSP) plant efficiency, by manufacturing a diminished prototype. Three states were studied, coloring the central target with a selective black color, fixing a reflector with arc form behind the target, and using these two changes together. The results showed an improvement in the thermal storage varied form month to month. The maximum stored energy was gained at August with increments about 56.1%, 58.63%, 62.23 and 64.69% for ordinary target, black painting, using reflector alone and black target with reflector together, respectively compared with stored energy for March.
The status of the infrastructure of the transport system and then mobility in the governorate of Anbar is deplorable. Therefore, it requires two types of solutions in two phases. This study concerned with the first phase, which is represented by solving the problem of the inadequacy infrastructure in terms of availability between the cities, and work to develop it toward being maximally connected. So, generally speaking this study aimed to facilitate mobility through this network, by improving the accessibility in term of connectivity. The analysis process in this study, have twin objectives: first, to determine how much new linkages we need for our network to be maximally connected as a first stage? Second, Building a legislative framework lends the weight for decision makers in transport agency to take tough decision built up on ranking the new proposed linkages according to their relative values in providing access to the network, and the increment in comparable nodal accessibility due to the new additions. So, there is need for more sensible decisions based on more accurate analysis for deciding the optimum priorities for the new linkages to take place in the stage of development implementation via legislative framework. Therefore, the analysis will deal with topological characteristics for a number of aspects by expressing the simple graph of the network in a matrix format. These aspects are simulated and measured through the matrices powering process and the principles of graph theory. However, in addition to reducing the time the vehicles stays on the road, the study results will assist to divert a large proportion of the traffic volumes concurrently with the implementation process, and this in turn will pave the way to precede the solution of the second phase inside the cities. Not to mention, the legislative framework will bases for the financial framework of the transport agency. Keywords: infrastructure inadequacy& development, accessibility and connectivity, graph theory, matrix representation &powering, new linkage, nodal accessibility , relative value ,optimum priorities (ranking) and Decision making(legislation).
The study of springs Abu-Aljeer natural asphalt at proven of al-anbar (Iraq), to find a mean of exploiting the asphalt springs as alternative energy resource, Included two stages The first: Separation the components of asphalt in two ways the first is column chromatography and second represented by extraction- chromatography. The results of separation were 10.20% Asphltene, 89.18% Maltene which separated lately to (Paraffinic 45.23%, Aromatic 28. 39% and Resin 21.66%). The second: Trying to improve the asphalt specifications by using natural materials that are available locally (limestone) with (5, 15, 25, 35%), which have given good results. Rheological properties have been tested, in such average that (virgin Softening was 430C, became 560C, Penetration was 110 dropped 39 and viscosity was 11355 turnedy other 47231cent-Stok, mm2Sec), and flash point ( 1790 C became 200 0C), Fractionated parts of asphalt were characterized by (UV), (FT-IR) spectra. This study also clarified paraffin compounds which represent the main part material and the colloidal state is in Gel phase.
This new methodology utilizes Quality Function Deployment (QFD) with Analytic Hierarchical Process (AHP) together for improving product planning stage, hence, the product development, because this stage precedes the manufacturing stage and is regarded as an important stage in the product development. The proposed methodology consists of two models; namely: (1) Curent QFD Model. (2) Current AHP Model. It was applied practically to demonstrate the models' applicability and suitability, and develop liquid Gas Cylinder Valve produced at Al-Ikhaa General Company (IGC) for Mechanical Industries. "Thus it was possible to find out the critical and important specifications for improving product planning which should be considered in product development". These specifications have high ranking and Scaled Value Technical Ratings (SVTR) of over (50%). SVTR have values as follows: (1) (1.0000) for Pad (H1), then (2) (0.9270) for piston (H4), (3) (0.9195) for gasket (H12), (4) (0.8236) for safety valve (H6), (5) (0.8156) for sealing 1 (H5), (6) (0.6935) for sealing 2 (H9), (7) (0.5441) for installing the regulator with valve (H10) and (8) (0.5220) for spring2 (H7). When applying AHP method, various results were obtained. Based on the final score of Al-Ikhaa Company, where the highest defects value was (45%) was reported in the production processes. Also, values of maintenance dismantling 23%, Product assemblage 12% and maintenance assemblage 9% of the Product values.
This study focuses on improving the thermal comfort in Mosques in Iraq. Omar bin Abdul Aziz Mosque in Baghdad is taken as a case study. In general, the weather in Baghdad is hot- dry climate during the summer. the study was conducted at the time of noon prayer on Friday where the maximum number of people can be obtained inside the Mosque about 500 worshipers and severe environmental conditions. Numerical methods (CFD) are used for the simulation utilizing the package of ANSYS (FLUENT V. 18). As the results depending on the number of elements, 4 millions elements are used for dividing the physical domain. Thermal comfort was assessed by finding the values of the predicted mean vote (PMV), predicted percentage of dissatisfied (PPD), and ASHRAE standard-55. The adaptive redistribution of the air conditioning device strategy at five cases is used to obtain the best thermal comfort. Moreover, changing the angle of air intake of space by changing the angle inclination of the access blade at three different angles of 0o, 7.5o and 15o degree, and studying its effect on the thermal comfort in breathing level. The four case is the best in terms of thermal comfort when the angle of intake air at 0o.when the PMV was 0.35 and PPD is 7.5, which is lower than the original state. The improving percentage of PPD is 10 % and PMV 14 %.
Productivity improvement in the manufacturing industry of piping is a key challenge facing manufacturers in today's competitive markets. Improving productivity in the pipe manufacturing companies by implementing manufacturing principles that utilize simulation modeling was the purpose of this study. To improve productivity, an approach that focuses on the workstations and workforces process was suggested. The suggested approach’s goal was to increase productivity by providing customer prerequisites and leaving some products for other customers in the store. Based on the data has been gathered from the company of steel pipes, Bansal Ispat Tubes Private Limited in India, a simulation model was utilized to enhance its performance of operational. The investigation methodology consists of a simulation model, acceptable distribution, and data investigation. By simulating individual workstations and evaluating all relevant processes according to the data collected, the simulation model was built. Actual employment data were gathered from the line of manufacturing and supervisory workers, with observations carried out throughout the process of manufacturing. The used method involves videotaping of the process and interviewing workers using a video-camera. The superior continuous distributions were picked to fulfill a convenient statistical model. The results could be helps to ameliorate the manufacturing industry productivity. Furthermore, the outcomes could assist to solve the problems of scheduling in pipe manufacturing "simulating and modeling" which reveals active ways in enhancing pipe manufacturing productivity. Consequently, the findings might support well competition among companies.
The city of Fallujah suffers from bad design in their network and it still dominated by the same pattern of the road and street network system that was produced by the previous stages of the development of the city, which is awaiting the necessary and appropriate solutions, which calls for planning to modernize the road network and streets in it that can accommodate the reality of the city’s condition and the proposed expansions for its subsequent urban growth. The transportation network in Fallujah city was chosen as a case study, the network was divided into roads and intersections, the evaluation included two main roads and eleven sectoral roads, eleven arterial roads, and twenty-five intersections. The network was evaluated in three stages, the first stage was traffic flow and service level, the second stage was evaluating the network in terms of road and intersections marking, while the third stage concerned with evaluating the network in terms of sustainability. The HCS 2010 program was applied to evaluate the first stage, while the second and third stages were evaluated based on the field survey. The results of the first stage showed that most parts of the network in the northern zone suffer from traffic problems and have a low level of service, while most parts of the network in the southern zone have a high service level and enjoy high traffic flow. Most parts of the network were suffered from bad marking, which causes many problems for the users of this network. Related to sustainability, we note a lack of interest on the part of designers or decision-makers. It was concluded that traffic solutions should be economically feasible for some parts of the network, which would lead to improving the network’s performance at the level of the three stages.
This investigation provides experimental results and nonlinear analysis by using finite element model of thick hollow core slab made from recycled lightweight material. Four hollow core slabs specimens were cast and tested in this investigation with dimensions (1200mm length, 450mm width and 250mm thickness). The crushed clay brick was used as a coarse aggregate instead of gravel. The iron powder waste and silica fume were used in order to increase the compressive strength of concrete. The techniques reduction hollow length and use shear reinforcement were used to improve shear strength and avoid shear failure. The specimens were tested by applying two-line load up to failure. The experimental results were showed these techniques were resisted the shear failure significantly and works to change failure mode from shear to flexural failure. Finite element computer software program (ANSYS) was used to analysis hollow core slabs specimens and compare the experimental results with the theoretical results. Good agreement have been obtained between experimental and numerical results.
This paper contributes to the field of improving the performance of heat exchangers using metal foam (MF) full-filled and partially/periodically-filled within the gap between the two pipes. The effect of configuration and arrangement of copper MF (15PPI and porosity of 0.95) installed on the outer surface of the inner pipe of a counter-flow double-pipe heat exchanger on the thermal and hydraulic performance was studied experimentally. The test section consisted of concentric two pipes; the inner pipe which was made of copper while the outer pipe was a Polyvinyl chlo-ride. Air was used as a working fluid in both hot and cold sides. A wide cold air flow rate range was covered from 3 to 36 m3/h which corresponds to Reynolds number (Re) range from 2811 to 31,335. The hot air flow rate was kept constant at 3m3/h. The temperature difference (ΔT) be-tween the inlet hot air and inlet cold air was adopted to be (20°C, 30°C, 40°C, and 50°C). The re-sults revealed that the higher Nusselt number (Nu) was at ΔT= 50°C and the thermal performance of the heat exchanger with the MF for all the arrangements was greater than the smooth heat exchanger. The highest and lowest friction factor was 1.033 and 0.0833 for the case 1 and 8, re-spectively, and the optimal performance evaluation criteria (PEC) was 1.62 for case 7 at Re = 2800. The Nu would be increased with a moderate increase in the friction factor by optimizing the arrangement of the MF. The two essential parameters that played an important role for in-creasing the PEC were the MF diameter and the MF arrangement along the axial length of the cold air stream.
High performance thermal insulators industries is recognized as one of most significant industries worldwide. This, of course, due to its basic role in industries requiring elevated temperatures. Concerning this target, a former study was performed in production of a thermal insulator containing locally available kaolin taking into consideration the effect of ignition temperature and grain size on the general specifications of the insulator. The low alumina content in kaolin samples , as shown by analysis, has resulted in lowering both the softening and melting points. It is planned in this research to study the effect of soaking time and added alumina on improving physical, thermal and mechanical properties of kaolin sample. Certainly, better properties of sample will result in better performance towards thermal insulation and to be more effective in resisting elevated temperature without affecting other properties.
Road network infrastructure is the key indicator of sustainable spatial development, as it affects the economy, environment, and society activities. These can be optimized through minimizing the time the vehicles take on the road, which in turn requires high connectivity and then high accessibility between the nodes of the road network. However, it is necessary to put a development strategy that helps the decision makers to produce relative high accessibility over the development time. In this paper, the vulnerabilities regarding the connectivity and spatial accessibility were pinpointed and analyzed, optimum priorities in sequent new linkages adding are made for developing a sustainable infrastructure with faster enhancement for the spatial accessibility. The results have become a tough guidance for decision makers, and can be adopted as a first step for legislating a strategy for sustainable transportation system
Enhancing heat transfer, particularly through convection, is crucial in various industrial applications, driving ongoing interest in methods to improve heat transfer rates and the efficiency of heat transfer equipment. Ultrasound has emerged as an effective and reliable method for boosting convective heat transfer, primarily due to the unique phenomena it creates within irradiated fluids, such as sound cavitation and streaming. In heat exchanges, where forced heat convection is typically the primary technique, ultrasound has shown notable effectiveness by improving convective heat transfer and reducing fouling. This paper summarizes recent research on the application of ultrasound in both forced and free convection heat transfer systems, emphasizing studies published in the past decade. Previous research has demonstrated that the influence of ultrasound on heat transfer varies significantly between laminar and turbulent flows, necessitating thoughtful consideration in system design. While progress has been made, gaps remain in understanding the influence of flow rates across systems and the thermal enhancement provided by ultrasound in gaseous systems. Furthermore, most research is conducted in experimental settings, highlighting the need for increased studies to support industrial applications.
In this study, the water evaluation and planning WEAP model was used to improve the Fallujah irrigation project with 63,000 hectares and an annual budget get 1,476 million m3/ yiod (2020-2021). The results showed the total Water used was 1,272 million m3/year and equaled 86% of Fallujah irrigation budget. The annual production was 524.4 million Kg/year for Fallujah irrigation, and total economic returns were 393.6 million $/year. The study outlined two scenarios for enhancing the irrigation system. The first scenario entailed implementing a sprinkler irrigation system for wheat and barley across all projects. This resulted in a production increase from 524.4 to 625.7 million kilograms per year and a corresponding rise in economic returns from 393.6 to 427.2 million annually. In the second scenario, a sprinkler system was adopted for wheat and barley and a trickle system for other crops. This approach led to production growth from 524.4 to 1164.9 million kilograms per year and a surge in economic returns from 393.6 to 559.4 million annually.
The convergence of cloud and edge computing in smart manufacturing offers significant potential for improving efficiency in Industry 4.0. However, task scheduling in this context remains a complex, multi-objective challenge. This study introduces a novel Cloud-Edge Smart Manufacturing Architecture (CESMA), leveraging a hybrid approach that integrates NSGA-II and the Improved Monarch Butterfly Optimization (IMBO) algorithms. The combination utilizes NSGA-II's global search and non-dominated solution capabilities with IMBO's fine-tuning and local optimization strengths to enhance task scheduling performance. Where CESMA combines the scalability and analytics power of cloud computing with edge-based real-time decision-making to address the dynamic demands of smart manufacturing. Through extensive simulations and experiments, the feasibility and effectiveness of CESMA are validated, showing improved task scheduling quality, resource utilization, and adaptability to changing conditions. This research establishes a robust platform for managing the complexities of task scheduling in cloud-edge environments, advancing intelligent manufacturing processes, and contributing to the integration of evolutionary algorithms for real-time industrial decision-making
Problematic soils, especially clayey soil, are problematic for engineering projects in their natural state because of clay's swell-shrinkage phenomenon. Numerous methods and stabilizer materials have been used to enhance clay's geotechnical properties and make them appropriate for construction. One of the significant methods of stabilization of problematic soil is using waste materials like waste glass, waste stone, waste plastic, etc. Due to the waste stone's consistency reducing water content and increasing the soil's strength, it has been employed in many civil engineering studies. Waste stone is available in various forms, including waste stone powder (WSP). WSP is produced by blasting tunnels or cutting huge stone blocks. Hence, the main aim of this study is to review the influence of WSP on improving the geotechnical properties of problematic soils treated with WSP, for this purpose, the treated problematic soils with various percentages of WSP are compared with natural soils. This study evaluates physical properties (i.e., Index properties, linear shrinkage/swelling, optimum moisture content, and maximum dry density) and mechanical properties (i.e., unconfined compressive strength and California bearing ratio). Also, the effect of WSP on decreasing the thickness of pavement layers was reviewed
Many studies were achieved in order to improve water efficiency treatment and to remove high turbidity by using Coagulants like Alum with Coagulants aid like polymers. Many researches explain the effect of these polymers on the removal of high water turbidity over the past years attempting to improve the coagulation and flocculation processes. Several experiments were performed to investigate the effect of using other types of coagulants aid on the percentage removal of turbidity and to find the optimum dosage of coagulant (alum) and coagulant aid. The coagulants used in this study were alum, Porcelanite and Silica Gel which are used in general company of ceramic and glass factory in Ramadi City as liquid state .The initial turbidity at 450 NTU was used with floc growth and floc formation was studied for Kaolinite 10 µm particles size. The results were obtained and plotted to show the effect of using different dosages of the mentioned coagulants on the residual and percentage removal of turbidity. Also, other parameters like TDS, Ec, pH and salt were calculated. The results indicated that the efficient coagulant type with dose of 30 mg/l is 4.56 NTU residual turbidity and removal percentage of 98.98% by using alum with silica, with the percentage of alum is 60% and 40% of Silica and pH value 7.66.
ORE addresses various kinds of losses associated with manufacturing system which can be targeted for initiating improvements. Evaluating ORE will is helpful to the decision maker(s) for further analysis and continually improves the performance of the resources. Overall Resource Effectiveness (ORE) encompasses seven factors are; performance, quality rate, readiness, changeover efficiency, availability of material and availability of manpower. In this research Job shop production of General Company for hydraulic industries, with focus on Damper and Tasks Factory (DTF)is tested as a case study for two of the most customer demand rear dampers (Samaned and Nissan). Data are collected and analyzed for years 2016-2017 to evaluate of ORE values. Results show that process performance factor among other seven factors have the less value causing the highest loss in ORE decrease. Where the highest ORE value is (58.6%) for Nissan and (69.3) for Samaned rare production. Also, time loss due to set up time is detected where it ranges from 3% to about 13% per month for the above mentioned two tested dampers. Results are generated employing Minitab Version 17, Quality Companion Version 3 soft wares. It is recommended to introduce SMED (Single Minute Exchange of Dies) concept that could decrease losses in set up time .Also improvements in maintenance programs are vital, and above all improving process performance values is essential by employing lean manufacturing that result in fast outcomes ,and TQM process improvement strategy for long term outcomes these two process performance strategies may enhance ORE values therefore, decrease losses, and consequently increase quality and productivity.
Deep mixing technology is used to improve the engineering properties of soil. In this review, previous studies on the properties and problems of weak soils were collected and explained, focusing on silty soils found globally and locally. The study also includes a discussion of physical and chemical improvement methods, specifically (cement columns). The advantages of deep mixing technology are also covered from an engineering and economic point of view, as well as its relationship to the environmental impact, as it is one of the sustainable development techniques due to its use of environmentally friendly materials. In addition, one of the objectives of this research is to study the methods of adding cement, whether in the form of powder (dry method) or mortar (wet method). A comparison was made between them to clarify the advantages and disadvantages. It was found that what distinguishes the use of the dry method from the wet method is that the former is more common. The method's effectiveness depends on the soil's moisture content, so the technique is ineffective in soils with less than 30% water content. As cement hydration produces a cementitious gel (CSH) that binds soil particles together, leading to early strength gain, pozzolanic reactions cause increased shear strength and decreased soil compressibility. Finally, some recommendations are included in this article to understand the behavior of cement columns in improving soil and avoiding problems
Internet-based platforms such as social media have a great deal of big data that is available in the shape of text, audio, video, and image. Sentiment Analysis (SA) of this big data has become a field of computational studies. Therefore, SA is necessary in texts in the form of messages or posts to determine whether a sentiment is negative or positive. SA is also crucial for the development of opinion mining systems. SA combines techniques of Natural Language Processing (NLP) with data mining approaches for developing inelegant systems. Therefore, an approach that can classify sentiments into two classes, namely, positive sentiment and negative sentiment is proposed. A Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) classifier has been used in this document classification system. The present research aims to provide an effective approach to improving the accuracy of SA systems. The proposed approach is applied to and tested on two datasets, namely, a Twitter dataset and a movie review dataset; the accuracies achieved reach 85% and 99% respectively.
The aim of this paper is to study experimentally the effect of steel fibers content on the modulus of elasticity of High Performance concrete HPC in different curing age. The results showed that adding steel fibers to HPC led to a considerable improvement in static and dynamic modulus of elasticity where at 90 day water curing the percentages of increasing in static modulus of elasticity of High Performance Steel Fiber Concrete HPSFC relative to HPC were 8.2%, 9.98%, and 11.88% at 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5% steel fibers by total concrete volume, respectively. While, the improvement of dynamic modulus of elasticity of HPSFC relative to HPC at 28 day were 8.09%, 10.7%, and 11.07% % at 0.5 %, 1 %, and 1.5 % respectively.
This paper is aimed to study the effect of SiC addition as reinforcement to 6061 T6 alloy. Al 6061 T6 alloy SiC composites were prepared by melting the alloy in a vortex and adding 4 % and 10% weight fractions of SiC. Then pouring the mixture into a mould to obtain a bar of 12 mm diameter and 150 mm length. Wear specimens were manufactured in dimensions of 20mm x 10mm according to ASTM to the base alloy and the cast matrix alloy. Microstructure have been carried out to understand the nature of structure and Hardness test also implemented to specimens. Adhesive wear test have been conduct both on the alloy and composites at different parameters (time, load and velocity). From the obtained results, it was found that wear resistance improved during the carbide addition comparing with the base alloy as a result of SiC addition which contributed in improving the hardness of the alloy that reflects to the wear resistance and these properties were improved as the increasing of the carbide silicon percentage.
The porous Titanium is characterized by high permeability which can assure the ingrowth of bone tissues, and consequently results in a good bonding between the metallic implant and the bone. In this work, Silicon element was added to the Commercially Pure Titanium at different weight percent of (2, 4, 6, 8 and 10) to investigate its effect on the porosity percentage, mechanical properties of the resulted samples. XRD analysis stated that at (Si) content lower than (2 wt%) the alloy is single phase (α- Ti alloy), as the Silicon content increased, in addition to (αphase), (Ti5Si3) intermetallic compound developed in the alloy. Porosity measurement results showed that the porosity percentage increases with the increase in Silicon content. Wear results stated that the wear rate increases with the increase in silicon content due to the increase in porosity percentage while the hardness results stated that there is no significant effect for Ti5Si3 intermetallic compound on improving the hardness of the samples. This is attributed to its low percent and the major effect of porosity on hardness which declined the effect of Ti5Si3 by reducing the hardness of the alloy compared with the master sample. The obtained results of the (yield strength, ultimate compressive strength and Young’s modulus) were within the values that match bone’s properties. This means these materials are suitable for biomedical application