The research evaluated the wastewater effluents , Two pump stations discharged directly without any treatment in AL-WARAR Canal in Ramadi City ,located in the southern bank of the Canal . These effluents collects the storm water from the residential area , the drainage open channel which bypassing by septic tanks of domestic wastewater , bypassing from septic tanks of domestic wastewater. Laboratory Tests out on (December 2010 to May 2011) for the Canal (upstream) , wastewater effluents, and Canal ( downstream) to determine the quality characteristics and the wastewater effects upon the AL-WARAR Canal . The results show an increase in almost concentrations of characteristics compared to the Iraqi Standards NO. (25 –B1) in (1967) of the conservation of water resources , where the Bio-chemical oxygen demand , chemical oxygen demand and Total Bacterial Count were increased by (11, 9.7 and 535) times respectively. According to the organic load , the wastewater effluents classified as low strength . This study shows that the value of the reaction constant rate (k1) and Reaeration constant rate (k2)were about (0.187/day) and (0.556 /day ) respectively . Two stations downstream were located to determine the wastewater effects upon the Canal , Dissolved Oxygen was measured and calculated by using (STREETER –PHELPS) equations , then Sag curve of AL-WARAR Canal was determined .In spite of that the wastewater effluent does not comply with the Iraqi Standards discharged into water resources NO. (25 –B1) in (1967) , AL-WARAR Canal still comply with the Iraqi standards (NO. 25-A1) in (1967) of the conservation of water resources by the effect of self-purifications.
Housing is one of the main concerns raising critical problems in the Kurdistan Region. Due to the fast growth of the urban population through the last period, the Kurdistan-Investment Board was ongoing in construction of effective amount of housing estates by investment companies. Due to the rapid increase in population, many housing estate projects neglected specific family requirements, with low commitment to housing standards, quality of dwellings, and the resident's lifestyles. This study investigates living space and services parts of dwellings in those estates, finding out the factors that direct residential satisfaction supported by fixing correlations among determinants of overall satisfaction. The adopted methodology consists of evaluation based on two steps, the first was by a technical assessment using checklist comparing spaces with Iraqi standards, while the second part was through survey of resident's satisfaction. Field data collection had consisted of a questionnaire list and data collection performed for five housing projects (10 types of dwelling units covered by eighty-three samples) selected in Erbil city. Then the questionnaire results were analyzed using the SPSS program using correlations, regression, and descriptive statistics. Low commitment to Iraqi Standards was obvious in most cases. Results also showed that dwellers were satisfied with their dwelling units in cases despite differences with Iraqi urban housing standards. For instance, in two bedrooms dwellings, areas of services were below the standard by 21% while the resident's satisfaction in this group varied between neutral and satisfied. It had been found a clear correlation between indicators of dwellings units’ spaces. The regression has shown that the indicators of the kitchen location's size and shape highly affected the householder's satisfaction. The descriptive statistics have shown the satisfaction level mostly been neutral in all projects. Finally, the study suggests some recommendations regarding dwelling units in addition to the need to amend the Iraqi standards of housing.