The development of cities in the infrastructure and urbanization and the increase in the population make people increase in the purchase of the private car, which in turn causes the congestion , pollution , accident and noise especially after 2003, as Iraq's import of cars increased to 5,800,000 cars distributed between the provinces, as 3Anbar province ranked ninth in the development number of cars with 174,000 cars according to the Central Bureau of Statistics of the Ministry of Planning. The university is the largest governmental institution that has the largest traffic volume of vehicles. We have three directions for entering the Anbar university they are east, middle and west directions. Total traffic volume from east, middle and west direction is 2165 vehicles which lead to traffic congestion in Ramadi city and Anbar university. The total traffic volume in private transportation in east, middle and west direction is 727,515 and 923 vehicles respectively. No of students in private transportation in east, middle and west direction is 4617, 3185 and3985 passengers respectively. As results of this research, there are three proposed parks one of them in the Sujaria at east direction, second park in Ramadi center at middle direction and third park in 5km area at west direction. In this paper, we make comparing between private and public transport in terms of fuel costs and time from the origin (the three proposed parks) to destination (Anbar University) assuming that private cars stopped in those three parks by using Park & Ride System and used buses with capacity of 40 passengers to transport students to the university. Depending on no. of passengers in private transportation from the three proposed parks to university we got the No. of buses from east park (Sujaria area), middle park (Ramadi center) and west park (7km area) to university which were 28, 20 and 25 bus respectively because each bus can transport four times.
The status of the infrastructure of the transport system and then mobility in the governorate of Anbar is deplorable. Therefore, it requires two types of solutions in two phases. This study concerned with the first phase, which is represented by solving the problem of the inadequacy infrastructure in terms of availability between the cities, and work to develop it toward being maximally connected. So, generally speaking this study aimed to facilitate mobility through this network, by improving the accessibility in term of connectivity. The analysis process in this study, have twin objectives: first, to determine how much new linkages we need for our network to be maximally connected as a first stage? Second, Building a legislative framework lends the weight for decision makers in transport agency to take tough decision built up on ranking the new proposed linkages according to their relative values in providing access to the network, and the increment in comparable nodal accessibility due to the new additions. So, there is need for more sensible decisions based on more accurate analysis for deciding the optimum priorities for the new linkages to take place in the stage of development implementation via legislative framework. Therefore, the analysis will deal with topological characteristics for a number of aspects by expressing the simple graph of the network in a matrix format. These aspects are simulated and measured through the matrices powering process and the principles of graph theory. However, in addition to reducing the time the vehicles stays on the road, the study results will assist to divert a large proportion of the traffic volumes concurrently with the implementation process, and this in turn will pave the way to precede the solution of the second phase inside the cities. Not to mention, the legislative framework will bases for the financial framework of the transport agency. Keywords: infrastructure inadequacy& development, accessibility and connectivity, graph theory, matrix representation &powering, new linkage, nodal accessibility , relative value ,optimum priorities (ranking) and Decision making(legislation).
Traffic accidents and traffic delay have a negative impact on the mobility traffic flow due to their huge costs on the transport system. Thus one of the main primary aims for transport policy makers are reducing the negative effect of traffic accidents and traffic delay on the road network. In this study, fixed and random parameters Tobit models have been developed to model the accident rates from 20 intersections in Al-Karakh district in Baghdad City, Iraq. The safety significant of logarithm of annual average daily traffic, the percentage of heavy vehicles and the delay time for both major and minordirections for each intersection on the accident rates were evaluated. The main finding of this study shows that delay has an important effect on traffic accident rates of intersections. Regarding to the effect of other factors on traffic Accident rates, the result of the model shows that the logarithm of annual average daily flow, the percentage of heavy vehicles for both major and minor directions of the intersection are positively associated with more accident rates.
Transport is one of the most critical areas of urban life and an essential base for developing and developingsocieties. It is a crucial indicator of the progress and development of cities and their great benefits. It saves from themovement of people and goods and the prosperity of the economy-social, economic and environmental issuesglobally and what we are witnessing in recent times. However, despite the tremendous advancement in technology,it continues to face numerous challenges in developed and developing nations, including our own. The absorptionof the irrigated volume and any defect in the gradient causes many problems such as congestion, delays, trafficjams and the accompanying psychological, economic, social and environmental effects, energy consumption,depletion of natural resources and lifestyle. So transportation has become a concern. And it became a topic ofconcern that imposes the need to think about the preparation and development of the transportation system towardssustainability based on meeting transportation needs. In light of the negative impacts of the sustainable planningengineering dimension on the urban road network in Ramadi and for the Iraqi cities, we have thus attempted tostudy the effect of this project, given the critical impact on sustainable development and the approach used bythinking people and scholars in their studies and documents in Agenda 2030. Through evaluating the data from theresearch region, which comprised 27 Ramadi neighbourhoods, and applying them to the statistical analysis software(SPSS), it discovers that the schematic engineering dimension indicator represented by the hierarchy has direct anddecisive connection significance. The local road area index achieved the most substantial linear relationship,followed by the collective, secondary and major roads indicators. They reached a medium relationship to formulatea sustainable development system based on Ramadi and other Iraqi cities. A decision is making about sustainableurban engineering transportation. And take an approach with whatever is good for the state.
Several modal split models have been created around the world to forecast which mode of transportation will be selected by the trip - maker from among a variety of available modes of transportation. This modeling is essential from a planning standpoint, as transportation systems typically receive significant investment. In this study, the main purpose was to develop a mode choice model using multiple linear regressions for Ramadi city in Iraq. The study area was divided into traffic analysis zones (TAZ) to facilitate data collection. The data was collected through a home interview of the trip makers in their home units through a questionnaire designed for this purpose. The result showed that the most influential factors on the mode choice for the general trips model using multiple linear regressions are car ownership, age, and trip cost. This model gave a good correlation coefficient of 0.829 meaning that the independent variables explain 82.9 of variance in the dependent variable (type of mode), which will help transport planners in developing policies and solutions for future