The research evaluated the wastewater effluents , Two pump stations discharged directly without any treatment in AL-WARAR Canal in Ramadi City ,located in the southern bank of the Canal . These effluents collects the storm water from the residential area , the drainage open channel which bypassing by septic tanks of domestic wastewater , bypassing from septic tanks of domestic wastewater. Laboratory Tests out on (December 2010 to May 2011) for the Canal (upstream) , wastewater effluents, and Canal ( downstream) to determine the quality characteristics and the wastewater effects upon the AL-WARAR Canal . The results show an increase in almost concentrations of characteristics compared to the Iraqi Standards NO. (25 –B1) in (1967) of the conservation of water resources , where the Bio-chemical oxygen demand , chemical oxygen demand and Total Bacterial Count were increased by (11, 9.7 and 535) times respectively. According to the organic load , the wastewater effluents classified as low strength . This study shows that the value of the reaction constant rate (k1) and Reaeration constant rate (k2)were about (0.187/day) and (0.556 /day ) respectively . Two stations downstream were located to determine the wastewater effects upon the Canal , Dissolved Oxygen was measured and calculated by using (STREETER –PHELPS) equations , then Sag curve of AL-WARAR Canal was determined .In spite of that the wastewater effluent does not comply with the Iraqi Standards discharged into water resources NO. (25 –B1) in (1967) , AL-WARAR Canal still comply with the Iraqi standards (NO. 25-A1) in (1967) of the conservation of water resources by the effect of self-purifications.
This research focuses on studying the impact of different sources of wastewater, such as do-mestic, industrial, agricultural, etc. upon groundwater. The swamp of contaminated water collec-tion within the Al-Anbar University area was taken as a case study for this research. This swamp has a pond that works as a collection basin for different sources of wastewater mainly domestic waste coming from leakage of contaminated water from the septic-tank of the residential com-plex of students. This contaminated water will leak over time within the folds of soil due to per-meability and the effect of land attraction and reach the levels of groundwater.The presence of polluted water near groundwater is an environmental hazard and harmful because this leakage water has different diseases and germs, which could pose a danger to human health. Different samples of these sources were taken from different places at different times and some physical, chemical, and biological tests were then conducted. Wastewaters characterization was also investigated in this study to make an assessment for water quality and find out a proper treatment method. Data obtained from this study show different levels of pollutants, which could highly affect groundwater quality. A proper and advanced treatment method was also proposed in this study, depending on the wastewater characterization results. The purpose of this research is wastewater treatment using the physical method with coagulation and Flocculation processes with local coagulants to reduce pollutants impact on groundwater.The results showed the addi-tion of alum at 35 mg/l increased the removal efficiency by 80.7% at the settling time of 60 min, and the addition of 35 mg/l of the lime increased the removal efficiency by 63.9% at the same settling time.It has been proven that the use of alum is more effective than lime for sedimenta-tion suspended matter. The optimum dosage and settling time are 20 mg/l and 60 min respec-tively.
This study assessed the temporal and spatial water quality variability to reveal the characteristics of the Shatt Al-Arab River, Basrah, Iraq. A total of 14 water quality parameters (water temperature (T), pH, electrical conductivity (EC), Alkanets (Alk), total dissolved solids (TDS), turbidity (Tur), total hardness (TH), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), chloride (Cl), sulphate (SO4), total suspended solids (TSS), sodium (Na), and potassium (k)) were analyzed Use of multivariate statistical methods in a total of three stations for the period 2016-2017. In this study was use a statistical approach to determine the water quality using the Pearson Correlation Index (PCI), Principal component analysis (PCA), and Factor Analysis (FA) were used to analyze the data. Main water pollutant sources were wastewater from agricultural drainage and industrial wastewater. Significant relationships recorded between the investigated parameters based on the results of PCI, at the 0.01 and 0.05 significance levels. Per the FA results, 77.1 % of the total variance explained by two factors.
Agricultural, industrial, and household debris can be employed as biosorbents to extract heavy metals from water that has been contaminated. Kitchen waste includes, among other things, peels from promotional gates, lemons, avocados, apples, kiwis, watermelons, and onions. Moreover, coffee and tea grounds are considered to be household refuse. This review illustrates the scholarly investigations that explored the potential of various waste materials as adsorbents for wastewater treatment. An extensive array of experiments was conducted to determine the variables that influence the capacity of these materials to adsorb heavy metals. To undertake the experiments above, different concentrations of biosorbent were introduced into the effluent at various contact times and pH levels. The researchers investigated the effects of varying these parameters and found that the biosorbent's ability to adsorb heavy metals is directly proportional to these factors. The results and conclusion indicated that the impact of biosorbent concentration and contact duration on the pH of contaminated water was assessed. To encourage the incorporation of industrial, agricultural, and household refuse into water treatment processes rather than permitting it to accumulate as an environmental hazard.
The research aims evaluates the water consumption and future demand by using the WEAP program. Five scenarios have been adopted, which is the reference scenario that showed the results of increase in water demand from (100) million cubic meters in 2015 to (397) MCM in 2035 with a water deficit in 2035 to (38) MCM. Modern irrigation methods reduce the water deficit from (38-2.9) MCM. While the use of underground water reduced the deficit from (38-26) MCM. As for the wastewater reuse scenario, the deficit decreased from (38-35) MCM. Reducing the per capita share did not reduce the water deficit.
Water treatment sludge (WTS) is a byproduct generated during the treatment of wastewater. In recent years, researchers have explored the potential of using WTS as a soil stabilizer to improve the geotechnical properties of soils. In this review, we will examine the current state of knowledge on the use of WTS for this purpose. The organic matter content of WTS is usually high and can range from 30% to 60%. The high organic matter content makes WTS a potential source of nutrients for plants, and it can also enhance soil structure and water retention. Another important consideration is the environmental impact of using WTS. The use of WTS can be an eco-friendly alternative to chemical stabilizers, which can have adverse effects on the environment. However, there are concerns about the potential for heavy metal contamination in WTS. To mitigate this risk, it is recommended to conduct thorough testing of WTS before using it as a soil stabilizer. Finally, the use of WTS as a soil stabilizer has the potential to improve the geotechnical properties of soils. However, it is essential to consider factors such as the type and dosage of WTS, the soil type, and the environmental impact before using it. Further research is also needed to explore the potential of using WTS in different soil types and environmental conditions.