The convergence of cloud and edge computing in smart manufacturing offers significant potential for improving efficiency in Industry 4.0. However, task scheduling in this context remains a complex, multi-objective challenge. This study introduces a novel Cloud-Edge Smart Manufacturing Architecture (CESMA), leveraging a hybrid approach that integrates NSGA-II and the Improved Monarch Butterfly Optimization (IMBO) algorithms. The combination utilizes NSGA-II's global search and non-dominated solution capabilities with IMBO's fine-tuning and local optimization strengths to enhance task scheduling performance. Where CESMA combines the scalability and analytics power of cloud computing with edge-based real-time decision-making to address the dynamic demands of smart manufacturing. Through extensive simulations and experiments, the feasibility and effectiveness of CESMA are validated, showing improved task scheduling quality, resource utilization, and adaptability to changing conditions. This research establishes a robust platform for managing the complexities of task scheduling in cloud-edge environments, advancing intelligent manufacturing processes, and contributing to the integration of evolutionary algorithms for real-time industrial decision-making
The detection of faults in electronic circuits is crucial to ensure the proper performance and reliability of electronic applications that utilize these devices. This work discovers, for the first time, that a direct tester board for fault diagnosis can be used not only for the intended measurement of current and voltage but also for studying the potential development of these magnitudes in inaccessible locations, as it detects register transfer level signals through oscilloscopes with low acquisition speeds. The experimental analysis carried out combines the use of commercial software with spatial distribution tracking and the exploitation of the sizes of network links in their computer graphical representation. The proper detection of malfunctions in electronic systems is crucial for enhancing their performance and reliability. We intend to explore the troubleshooting of analog electronic systems, for which we use wide-band direct tester boards. To evaluate its performance in routine practice, we perform experimentation using two different analog circuits designed. They consist of conventional operational amplifiers and element modeling based on equivalent resistance-capacitance networks. Given the procedure followed, commercial programs were used. Special mention should be made of the conclusion matrix, which is interesting when selecting suitable diagnostic parameters. The effectiveness of direct measurement based on integrated probes in the two projects, which allowed for fault insertion, was also confirmed. The results and discussions were enriched by the summarized experimental test report. The work concludes with a reflection on the relationship between this work and the existing state of the art, as well as the new challenges posed by international researchers.
Natural convection heat transfer in two-dimensional region formed by constant heat flux horizontal flat tube concentrically located in cooled horizontal cylinder studied numerically. The model solved using the FLUENT CFD package. The numerical simulations covered a range of hydraulic radius ratio (5, 7.5, and 10) at orientation angles from (0o up to 90o). The results showed that the average Nusselt number increases with hydraulic radius ratio, orientation angles and Rayleigh number. As well as enhancement ratio for Nusselt number at orientation angle 90o and hydraulic radius ratio 7.5 equal 24.87%. Both the fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics for different cases are illustrated velocity vectors and temperature contours that obtained from the CFD code. The results for the average Nusselt numbers are compared with previous works and show good agreement.
Advanced prosthetics are a crucial aspect of rehabilitation technology and are receiving increased attention globally. Approximately 2 million people require prosthetic limbs, presenting opportunities for enhancing their quality of life. State-of-the-art technologies such as realistic arms and myoelectric prostheses are gaining popularity. Progress in sensor technology, artificial intelligence, and materials has driven the field forward. Various types of controllers, including direct, pattern recognition, and proportional-derivative, have been developed. Integration of material science, computer science, artificial intelligence, and neurology has facilitated controller advancements. Techniques like targeted muscle reinnervation and Osseo integrated prostheses offer improved surgical options. Gesture recognition technologies and intelligent sensors are enhancing hand control. Future advancements will involve machine learning, artificial intelligence, and sensing techniques, while ethical concerns must be addressed. Advanced myoelectric prostheses, also known as myocontrolled or lower-limb micromod investigative prostheses, have a patient acceptance rate of 75% to 80%. However, while these methods offer advantages, there are also drawbacks. Integrating different types of controllers for these smart prostheses and enhancing the overall device's strength and robustness will have a significant impact. This discussion focuses on various types of smart prosthetic controllers, dividing muscle activity into extracellular myoelectric potential and EEG signals
Photovoltaic cells are one of the renewable energy sources that have been employed to produce electrical energy from solar radiation falling on them, but not all incident radiate will produce electrical energy, part of those radiate cause the panel temperature to rise, reducing its efficiency and its operational life, unless an attempt is made to employ one of the traditional cooling methods or innovating other methods to cooling it to reduce this effect, which it represented in the active and passive cooling method. In fact, it is difficult to compare the active method with the passive method, as each method has its Advantages and disadvantages that may suit one region without another. But in general, there are basic factors through which at least a comparison between the two methods can be made. Relatively the passive method is less expensive, in addition to no need for additional parts such as pumps and controllers, there is no energy consumption because it does not require power. But it is less effective and efficient than the active method, while the active method has the ability to disperse the heat higher than the passive method. However, it necessitates the use of electricity and is frequently costlier than the passive strategy. In this review, the most common active and passive cases were reviewed, and the pros and cons of each case are summarized in discussion due to the difficulty to list them. The review recommends that future studies should focus on active water cooling and heat-sink, both of which are viable cooling strategies.
This study focuses on improving the thermal comfort in Mosques in Iraq. Omar bin Abdul Aziz Mosque in Baghdad is taken as a case study. In general, the weather in Baghdad is hot- dry climate during the summer. the study was conducted at the time of noon prayer on Friday where the maximum number of people can be obtained inside the Mosque about 500 worshipers and severe environmental conditions. Numerical methods (CFD) are used for the simulation utilizing the package of ANSYS (FLUENT V. 18). As the results depending on the number of elements, 4 millions elements are used for dividing the physical domain. Thermal comfort was assessed by finding the values of the predicted mean vote (PMV), predicted percentage of dissatisfied (PPD), and ASHRAE standard-55. The adaptive redistribution of the air conditioning device strategy at five cases is used to obtain the best thermal comfort. Moreover, changing the angle of air intake of space by changing the angle inclination of the access blade at three different angles of 0o, 7.5o and 15o degree, and studying its effect on the thermal comfort in breathing level. The four case is the best in terms of thermal comfort when the angle of intake air at 0o.when the PMV was 0.35 and PPD is 7.5, which is lower than the original state. The improving percentage of PPD is 10 % and PMV 14 %.
Since FGM orthotropic structures have such striking qualities as high strength, exceptional stiffness, stiffness-to-weight ratio, reduced cost, and high strength-to-weight ratio, they are employed extensively in the mechanical, aerospace, and civil engineering sectors. Thick plates and shells have more noticeable shear deformation effects. Therefore, in recent years, there has been a lot of interest in the vibration and buckling investigation of FGMs orthotropic plates and shells. Moreover, researchers have developed a variety of approaches and procedures for the examination of orthotropic FGM plates and shells. The majority of the literature review in this publication is focused on orthotropic FGMs plate and shell buckling and linear and nonlinear free vibration. In engineering practices, it is customary to use material-oriented or orthotropic materials in several domains to optimize the structures and maximize material properties, which is especially crucial for FG constructions. Solutions for the orthotropic FGM structure are studied analytically and numerically with different plate and shell theories.