Designing an integrated communications system with efficient features is important to researchers and designers. This paper deals with a review of the most important technologies and applications that combine solar cells and communication systems such as Li-Fi technology and its principle of operation, which is a wireless system in which the optical signal is used as a carrier signal as an alternative to the traditional radio frequencies used in Wi-Fi networks, where Li-Fi relies on LED to transmit data, and at high speeds that exceed Wi-Fi technology. Solar Power Satellite (SPS) technology where the satellite is placed in a geostationary orbit in the equatorial plane. As well as the application of photovoltaic solar cells in the SOLPLANT planar antenna, and the replacement of the radiating element of the antenna with a solar cell. The solar cell can transmit and receive electromagnetic signals as well as generate direct current and can be used as antennas either as a single solar cell or group cells and has wide applications in wireless, mobile, Bluetooth and satellite systems. The solar cell has also been applied in Micro strip antenna called Solan , where the solar cell antenna can be considered as a platform for many communication applications and can also be adopted as a radio frequency transmitter and receiver. As well as the design of many antennas integrated with solar cells and compatible with the 5G communication system , in addition to the presence of many applications that combined smart phones and solar cells. This study showed that these technologies and applications provided clean, safe, high-efficiency, high-speed, data-transferring communication systems with low cost.
The direct sequence (DS) spread spectrum communication technique is widely regarded as one of the most effective methods of mitigating the effects of a repeating jammer in military communications systems. The proposed system coupled DS with multiple frequency shift keying (DS/MFSK). It is comprised of a transmitter and a receiver. Non-coherent demodulation is examined, as are the spreading sequences in question. The effect of AWGN and Rayleigh fading channels on the proposed approach's bit error rate (BER) is examined. The investigation demonstrates that even with an 8 dB signal-to-noise ratio, superior outcomes can be achieved; this study's suggested endeavor is to create a novel transceiver system built on the DS/MFSK modular architecture. MFSK modulation prevents multiple-access interference, while DS is typically employed to boost system efficiency across erratic fading. Test results show that reliability on the AWGN channel decreases a little while reliability is greatly enhanced by Rayleigh fading. Moreover, notable improvements in bandwidth efficiency are achieved.
The scientific paper examined the possibility of developing an advanced healthcare management system in Iraq through the use of Cisco Packet Tracer software. The article stated that the aforementioned software has the potential to speed up network management operations and reduce expenses incurred in maintenance and repair activities. In addition, the article explained several challenges that may arise during the implementation of the smart hospital management system, including providing the required technical expertise, infrastructure provisions, and procedural measures necessary to protect the confidentiality of patient and employee information. The study confirmed that implementing an intelligent hospital management system in Iraq has the potential to improve healthcare quality, mitigate medical errors, enhance employee communication, and reduce disturbances within the hospital setting. Furthermore, this intervention is expected to enhance the efficiency of resource and inventory management and increase patients' experience and satisfaction with healthcare services. The article concludes that achieving the desired results in implementing a smart hospital management system using Cisco Packet Tracer software depends on the collaborative contributions of employees, managers, and technical professionals. This initiative is expected to enhance the hospital's ability to provide medical services of exceptional quality and effectively meet the diverse needs of patients.
The antenna is a Modified Broadband Butterfly Antenna (MBBA). The technical parameters of such systems are heavily influenced by the qualities of the antenna feed devices. The aperture theory of antennas uses the representation of the radiation field of the antenna as a superposition of the fields of elementary sources, characterized by their type and amplitude-phase spatial distribution. The radiation field of an antenna of finite dimensions is a superposition of inhomogeneous spherical waves emitted by the antenna elements. This paper is primarily the study process, Radiation models were calculated using the model of the cavity plates, Simple Green model, and the strict commercial Electromagnetic Simulator. The modified active rectangular patches with the Gann diode were combined into arrays of E and H plane. Calculated and measured results for these two active arrays the beam scanning, the possibilities have been demonstrated for both arrays. The results of an electrodynamics numerical simulation were obtained. Broadband and multiband radio systems have already found widespread practical applications by utilizing basic antenna parameters and characteristics.
Approximately one-quarter of all automobile collisions in the United States are thought to be caused by a distracted or inattentive driver. As more wireless communication, entertainment, and driver assistance technologies become available in vehicles, the number of distracted driving accidents is projected to rise. Driver distraction is a major concern in North America, Europe, and Japan when it comes to road safety. The importance of driver distraction as a road safety concern, on the other hand, has just lately been recognized. This study presents an overview of current studies on in-vehicle driver distraction, with an emphasis on mobile phone usage, as this technol-ogy has garnered the most attention in the literature on driver distraction. The impact of in-vehicle gadgets on driving performance is discussed in this review. The adaptive techniques driv-ers use to maintain acceptable driving performance when distracted are discussed, as well as the situations under which these adaptive tactics can fail and how driving performance is harmed when they do. Legislation prohibiting drivers from using their cellphones while driving has had minimal effect, presumably due to a lack of regulation and enforcement. As potential preventive measures to decrease accidents caused by distracted drivers, behavior modification programs, enhanced vehicle safety, and public awareness campaigns have been created.
In satellite communications with frequencies above 10GHz the major problems in radio-wave propagation is signal level attenuation caused by tropospheric scintillation, together with signal level attenuation by rain. There are several methods to measure the magnitude of scintillation. The equations of most of these methods do not include meteorological element. In meantime we can not measure the magnitude of scintillation with elevation angle 5¢ھ-10¢ھ. A prediction method is suggested to measure tropospheric scintillation on earth-space path. It would apply this method to standard atmosphere and we studied the effect of meteorological conditions, frequency, antenna diameter and elevation angle on the magnitude of scintillation.
Diesel electrical generators are essential for providing reliable backup power during grid outages, ensuring the continuous operation of critical services such as hospitals, industries, and communication systems. These generators require instantaneous monitoring and control to optimize their performance and longevity. The Internet of Things facilitates efficient monitoring and enables remote control with a faster response time than human intervention, thereby helping to prevent potential damage or system failures. This research introduced the Internet of Things technology and its general architecture. The study first presented an abstract framework of IoT-based monitoring and controlling technology, divided into three layers: perception, network, and application. It then discussed the terminology related to electrical generators, the parameters monitored, and their operational environments. In addition, the advantages and challenges associated with integrating it with electrical generators were discussed. Finally, the research reviewed and analyzed several practical applications and case studies integrating IoT with diesel electrical generators, highlighting key challenges and proposing solutions. This work provided theoretical and practical insights into IoT-based monitoring and control systems for electrical generators.